Clinical Microbiology Newsletter
Volume 30, Issue 18 , Pages 135-140 , 15 September 2008

Infections Associated with War: the American Forces Experience in Iraq and Afghanistan

  • Naomi E. Aronson, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationMailing Address: Naomi E. Aronson, M.D., Infectious Diseases Division Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Room A-3060, Bethesda, MD 20814. Tel.: 301-295-3621. Fax: 301-295-3557.

References 

  1. Johnson EN , et al.   Infectious complications of open type III tibial fractures among combat casualties . Clin. Infect Dis. . 2007;45:409–415
  2. Murray CK , et al.   Bacteriology of war wounds at the time of injury . Mil. Med. . 2006;171:826–829
  3. Scott P , et al.   An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex infection in the U.S. military health care system associated with military operations in Iraq . Clin. Infect. Dis. . 2007;44:1577–1589
  4. Griffith ME , et al.   Acinetobacter skin carriage among U.S. Army soldiers deployed in Iraq . Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. . 2007;28:720–722
  5. Aronson NE , Sanders JW , Moran KA . In harm's way: infections in deployed American military forces . Clin. Infect. Dis. . 2006;43:1045–1051
  6. Griffith ME , Ellis MW , Murray CK . Acinetobacter nares colonization of healthy U.S. soldiers . Infect Control Hosp. Epidemiol. . 2006;27:787–788
  7. Griffith ME , et al.   Acinetobacter skin colonization of U.S. Army soldiers . Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. . 2006;27:659–661
  8. Petersen K , et al.   Trauma-related infections in battlefield casualties from Iraq . Ann. Surg. . 2007;245:803–811
  9. Murray CK , et al.   Bacteria recovered from patients admitted to a deployed U.S. military hospital in Baghdad . Iraq. Mil. Med. . 2006;171:821–825
  10. Tien HC , et al.   Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections in critically injured Canadian forces soldiers . BMC Infect Dis. . 2007;7:95–101
  11. Turton JF , et al.   Comparison of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States that were associated with repatriated casualties of the Iraq conflict . J. Clin. Microbiol. . 2006;44:2630–2634
  12. Ecker JA , et al.   Identification of Acinetobacter species and genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii by multilocus PCR and mass spectrometry . J. Clin. Microbiol. . 2006;44:2921–2932
  13. Hujer KM , et al.   Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates from military and civilian patients treated at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center . Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. . 2006;50:4114–4123
  14. Falagas ME , Bliziotis IA , Siempos I . Attributable mortality of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in critically ill patients: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies . Crit. Care . 2006;10:R48–R56
  15. Albrecht MA , et al.   Impact of Acinetobacter infection on the mortality of burn patients . J. Am. Coll. Surg. . 2006;203:546–550
  16. Hartzell JD , et al.   Atypical Q fever in U.S. soldiers . Emerg. Infect. Dis. . 2007;13:1247–1249
  17. Anderson A , et al.   Q fever and the U.S. military . Emerg. Infect. Dis. . 2005;1:1320–1322
  18. Leung-Shea C , Danaher PJ . Q fever in members of the United States Armed Forces returning from Iraq . Clin. Infect. Dis. . 2006;43:e77–e82
  19. Andrews RB . Brucellosis in a soldier who recently returned from Iraq . Med. Surveill. Monthly Rep. . 2004;10:30
  20. Nguyen DR . Illness in a redeployed soldier . Mil. Med. . 2007;172:541–543
  21. Riddle MS , et al.   Serological evidence of arboviral infection and self-reported febrile illness among U.S. troops deployed to Al Asad . Iraq. Epidemiol. Infect. . 2007;1–5
  22. Lesho EP , Ludwig GV , Wortmann G . Encephalitis and sandfly fever (Sicilian) virus infection . Inf. Dis. Clin. Pract. . 2004;12:352–354
  23. WHO . World Health Organization Epidemiological Situation: 2006 data . http://www.emro.who.int/rbm/epidemiology-2006.htm 2006;
  24. Brooker S , et al.   Spatial epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, Afghanistan . Emerg. Infect. Dis. . 2006;12:1600–1602
  25. Ciminera P , Brundage J . Malaria in U.S. military forces: a description of deployment exposures from 2003 through 2005 . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. . 2007;76:275–279
  26. Kotwal RS , et al.   An outbreak of malaria in U.S. Army rangers returning from Afghanistan . JAMA . 2005;293:212–216
  27. LaFon, S. and S. Scoville. 2007. An outbreak of P. vivax malaria among U.S. soldiers returning from Afghanistan. Presented at the Tenth Force Health Protection Conference, Louisville, KY.
  28. Hsu L . Update: malaria, U.S. Armed Forces, 2006 . Med. Surveill. Monthly Rep. . 2007;13:11–14
  29. World Health Organization  . Country profile, Afghanistan . http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/predefinedreports/TB/PDF_Files/afg.pdf
  30. Espinal, M.A. 2002. MDRTB: epidemiology of a global threat, abstr. 1182, p. 42. Abstr. 42nd Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
  31. World Health Organization  . Country profile, Iraq . http://www.emro.who.int/STB/pdf/CountryProfile-IRQ-05.pdf
  32. Mirsaeidi M , et al.   Differences in characteristics between Afghani and Iranian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis . Int. J. Infect Dis. . 2003;11:180–182
  33. Institute of Medicine  . Tuberculosis . In:  Mitchell A ,  Sivitz L ,  Black R editor. Gulf War and health, vol. 5: infectious diseases . Washington DC: National Academies Press; 2007;p. 90
  34. Sanders JW , et al.   Impact of illness and noncombat injury during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. . 2005;73:713–719
  35. Thornton SA , et al.   Gastroenteritis in US Marines during Operation Iraqi Freedom . Clin. Infect. Dis. . 2005;40:519–525
  36. Monteville MR , et al.   Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among deployed U.S. military personnel in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. . 2006;75:762–767
  37. Sanders, J.W. et. al. 2005. A cross-sectional, case finding study of travelers diarrhea among U.S. military personnel deployed to Iraq, abstr. 697, p. 230. Abstr. 54th Ann. Meet. Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., Washington, DC.
  38. Harrison, D. et al. 2004. Cryptosporidium outbreak among U.S. military personnel deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA.
  39. Myles O , et al.   Visceral leishmaniasis: clinical observations in 4 U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq, 2002-2004 . Arch. Intern. Med. . 2007;167:1899–1901
  40. Halsey ES , et al.   Visceral leishmaniasis in a soldier returning from Operation Enduring Freedom . Mil. Med. . 2004;16:699–701
  41. Leslie T , et al.   Visceral leishmaniasis in Afghanistan . Can. Med. Assoc. J. . 2006;175:245–246
  42. Weina PJ , et al.   Old World leishmaniasis: an emerging infection among deployed U.S. military and civilian workers . Clin. Infect. Dis. . 2004;39:1674–1680
  43. Wortmann G , et al.   Rapid identification of Leishmania complexes by a real-time PCR assay . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. . 2005;73:999–1004
  44. Hartzell, J. et al. 2007. Positive rK39 serologic assays in U.S. servicemen with cutaneous leishmaniasis, abstr. 399, p. 131. Abstr. 47th Ann. Meet. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am., San Diego, CA.
  45. Aliaga P , Aronson N . Leishmaniasis in relation to service in Iraq/Afghanistan, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001-2006 . Med. Surveill. Monthly Rep. . 2007;14:2–5
  46. Aronson N . Leishmaniasis in American soldiers: parasites from the front . In:  Scheld M ,  Hooper D ,  Hughes J editor. Emerging infections 7 . Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2007;p. 325–342

 The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.

PII: S0196-4399(08)00045-7

doi: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2008.08.004

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter
Volume 30, Issue 18 , Pages 135-140 , 15 September 2008

Article Tools