Clinical Microbiology Newsletter
Volume 32, Issue 10 , Pages 73-76 , 15 May 2010

The History of Tampons: from Ancient Times to an FDA-Regulated Medical Device

  • Alice S. Weissfeld, PhD, D(ABMM), F(AAM)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationMailing address: Alice S. Weissfeld, Ph.D., D(ABMM), F(AAM), Microbiology Specialists Incorporated, 8911 Interchange Dr., Houston, TX 77054. Tel.: 713-663-6888. Fax: 713 663-7722

References 

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampon
  2. http://www.mum.org
  3. http://tampax.com/en-us/aboutTampax/about Tampax.aspx
  4. Todd JK . Toxic shock syndrome . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. . 1988;1:432–446
  5. Todd JK , et al.   Toxic shock syndrome associated with phage-group 1 stayphylocci . Lancet . 1978;ii:1116–1118
  6. Todd JK . Toxic shock syndrome: a perspective through the looking glass . Ann. Intern. Med. . 1982;96:839–842
  7. http://leda.law.harvard.edu/leda/data/359/kohen.html
  8. 21 C.F.R. 801.430, June 22, 1982.
  9. Bartlett JG , et al.   Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora . J. Infect. Dis. . 1977;136:271–277
  10. Sautter RL , Brown W . Sequential vaginal cultures from normal young women . J. Clin. Microbiol. . 1980;11:479–484
  11. Onderdonk AB , et al.   Methods for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of vaginal microflora during menstruation . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. . 1986;51:333–339
  12. Bartlett JG , et al.   Cervical and vaginal bacterial flora: ecological niches in the female lower genital tract . Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. . 1978;130:658–661
  13. Onderdonk AB , et al.   Methods for quantitative vaginal flora studies . Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. . 1977;128:777–781
  14. Geshnizgani AM , Onderdonk AB . Defined medium simulating genital tract secretions for growth of vaginal microflora . J. Clin. Microbiol. . 1992;30:1323–1326
  15. Onderdonk AB , et al.   Quantitative and qualitative effects of douche preparations on vaginal microflora . Obstet. Gynecol. . 1992;80:333–338
  16. Pavlova SL , Tao L . In vitro inhibition of commercial douche products against vaginal microflora . Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. . 2002;8:99–104
  17. Weissfeld AS , et al.   Development of an in vitro vaginal microflora assay to evaluate safety of tampons . Obstet. Gynecol. . 2002;99:405

PII: S0196-4399(10)00019-X

doi: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2010.04.003

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter
Volume 32, Issue 10 , Pages 73-76 , 15 May 2010

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